The active construction of railroads in the U.S. in the thirties of the nineteenth century and the lack of construction workers at the same time led to the creation in 1832-1836 by American Otis the first steam-hoe. The excavator was rotary, had rail chassis, was equipped with a bucket 1.14 cubic meters, steam engine 15 hp, provided the average productivity of 45-50 cubic meters per hour and replaced about 50 workers. Within a few years Otis excavators replaced 180 workers. The original excavators were used mainly in the construction of railways.
One of the first excavators were sold in England in 1842, and in 1843 four out of seven built by Otis excavators were sold in Russia for use in the construction of the Nikolayev railroad. However, construction contractors did not accept these machines and in 1848 sold them to the Urals. In Nizhny Tagil excavators have been used for stripping works in the extraction of ore for the first time in world practice. In the second half of the nineteenth century, large-scale construction of railways and canals required the movement of all large masses of land, which could not be accomplished by manual labor diggers.
For the extraction and movement of soil mounted scraper with a metal bucket, which were called “shrews” were also used. The first Russian railroad shovels rotary excavator with removable bucket (2.3 cubic meters for light loads and 1.5 cubic meters for heavy loads) was built on Putilov factory in 1902. Its productivity was 100-290 cubic meters per hour, the weight of 65-75 tons. Until 1917 it was built 35 such vehicles. At the beginning of XX century excavators were used in Russia rather intensively.
Machines of this type were produced before the 30-ies of XX century. In some cases the dredger were used. In the second half of XIX - beginning of XX centuries the construction of giant canals began, that required moving the huge mass of soil. Suez Canal (length 160 km, the beginning of construction - 1859) is being built about 10 years (mostly by hand). The total number of workers employed in construction, reached 40,000 people. During the construction about 75 million cubic meters of soil has been moved.
In the construction of the Panama Canal (1880-1913gg) was moved 160 million cubic meters of soil. In the second phase of construction (1903-1913gg) over a hundred shovel (mostly rail), and about 20 multi-bucket excavators were applied. After the First World War, together with the general development of technology the development of excavators has intensified. Internal combustion engines and electric drive, the application of caterpillar (and walking) course let increase significantly the capacity and mobility of excavators.
Excavators became steerable, the nomenclature of the working equipment (and their scope (overburden, tunnel work, etc.) increased. In the United States and Russia shovel excavators were improving. In Germany, they began to build more powerful multi-bucket excavators. There were numerous special machinery (trenchers, etc.). Already in the early 50-ies of XX century the giant excavators scoop up to 30 cubic meters (Egle-15 Novo-plant, American excavators Marion Byusayrus, etc.) were used.
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